The Structure and Function of Ribosomes:
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This 4 page paper examines the stucture and function of ribosomes. This paper highlights the importance of ribosomes and the scientific advances that are being made in terms of better understanding ribosomes which are so essential for life. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: GSRibosm.rtf

The Systematics of Phylogenetic Inference: Applications in Evolutionary Biology
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An 8 page discussion of the importance of phylogenetic inference to our understanding of evolution. Suggests that it is through phylogenetic inference that we are able to see the hierarchical pattern of commonality which is exhibited by all forms of life. This hierarchy is not only visible through gross external anatomical features but also through more subtle features of an organism’s internal anatomy. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPphylo2.wps

The Technological Purpose and Function of Footwear
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A 3 page discussion of footwear. Notes the evolution of footwear since ancient times and the varying uses to which is put today. Emphasizes that material combines with design to determine function. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPfootwr.rtf

Throwing a piece of paper
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A 6 page creative essay that describes in great anatomical and physiological detail what happens when a teacher asks a student in the back of the room to crumple up a piece of paper and throw it to him. No sources cited.
Filename: khpaper.wps

Toxicology of the Kidney
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An 8 page overview of kidney function and how certain toxins can evade elimination from the body. The specific examples of lead and thalidomide are detailed. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPkidney.rtf

Troponin in Deep Space
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A 7 page paper discussing the involvement of troponin in the effects observed in muscle mass during and following the zero gravity situations of space flight. NASA's research reports reveal that there has been a good deal of muscle-related research involved in various aspects of the space program. There have been some qualities of muscle response noted in sufficient levels to qualify them as commonplace, such as the partial atrophy of specific muscle groups. Similar action is common in older earthbound adults, and the focus of much muscle research as it relates to space flight has been that of better understanding, avoiding or rectifying conditions that lead to loss of muscle mass with increasing age. The paper investigates the details of some of those research efforts. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KStropSpace.wps

Troponin's Role in Skeletal Muscle Contraction
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An 8 page paper discussing the structure and function of this regulatory substance. Troponin C directly interacts with the calcium ions that initiate skeletal muscle contraction; troponin I is the next target of troponin C. Troponin T is an inhibitor. Without troponin T inhibiting continued contraction, then the muscle that had been contracted would not be able to cease contracting. The paper also discusses current research. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: KStroponin.wps